Examining persuasive message type to encourage staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown: A randomized controlled study in Japan

ObjectiveBehavioral change is the only prevention against the COVID-19 pandemic until vaccines become available. This is the first study to examine the most persuasive message type in terms of narrator difference in encouraging people to stay at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown.MethodsParticipants (n = 1,980) were randomly assigned to five intervention messages (from a governor, a public health expert, a physician, a patient, and a resident of an outbreak area) and a control message. Intention to stay at home before and after reading messages was assessed. A one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s or Games–Howell test was conducted.ResultsCompared with other messages, the message from a physician significantly increased participants’ intention to stay at home in areas with high numbers of people infected (versus a governor, p = .002; an expert, p = .023; a resident, p = .004).ConclusionThe message from a physician―which conveyed the crisis of overwhelmed hospitals and consequent risk of people being unable to receive treatment―increased the intent to stay at home the most.Practice implicationsHealth professionals and media operatives may be able to encourage people to stay at home by disseminating the physicians’ messages through media and the internet.     

Histoire et fonctions des Unités pour Malades Difficiles (1re partie). Du quartier de sûreté à l’Unité pour Malades Difficiles de Villejuif,plus d’un siècle de prise en charge

This article is the first in a series of three, dedicated to the history and functions of what is known as a UMD in France: Unités pour Malades Difficiles, or “Units for Difficult Patients”. This particular article focuses on the oldest such secure structure, UMD Henri Colin, created in 1910 in Villejuif as a quartier de sûreté, or a “secure ward”. The article aims to detail evolutions in treatment and the types of patient treated over more than one hundred years, parallel to social change. Four distinct chronological periods are examined, for their perspective on professional practice as much as for the reasons given for patients’ admission and the psychopathological profiles of “dangerous” patients. Clinical vignettes are used to illustrate this historical evolution.     

医学实习生考研动机调查研究

目的通过调查临床医学实习生的考研动机特点,研究其相关影响因素,并结合处于临床实践这一特殊时间段,提出切实可行的措施和方法。方法用问卷方式对我院有考研意向的120名医学实习生进行调查并统计。结果医学实习生考研动机主要包括:(1)实现自我价值;(2)实现职业理想;(3)自我认知兴趣;(4)求知进取;(5)亲人期望;(6)置换专业。结论医学实习生选择考研的主要目的是通过自身的努力,证明自己的实力、实施自我、寻求更好的发展机会,获得自我价值并得到社会承认,开拓潜能、锻炼意志、实现目标,达到自身理想的职业状态。教学医院应积极引导医学生树立正确的考研态度和动机,加强思想教育,增强就业保障、统筹时间安排、合理化考核制度等,实现临床实习、就业与考研兼顾,并在保证临床实践学习质量的基础上,制定各种方法和措施,为医学实习生考研行为提供相关支持和帮助。     

基于Adaptive-Lasso Logistics模型的方剂学学习动机影响因素分析

目的讨论Adaptive lasso-logistic回归模型在方剂学学习动机的影响因素中的应用。方法基于成都市某大学在校2017级学生进行分层抽样,综合运用方差分析及lasso-logistic回归模型,利用R软件分析学生在方剂学学习过程中关于学习动机的影响因素。结果模型共纳入662名学生,通过交叉验证法,可知Adaptive lasso-logistic回归模型中纳入的变量为:外驱动机、学习信念、考试焦虑、性别、专业、科别。从时间成本和模型简洁度来看,Adaptive-lasso logistic模型优于全变量logistic模型和ridge logistic模型。结论Adaptive-Lasso Logistics回归模型在压缩模型、变量筛选以及预测准确率上更有效,有助于了解学生的学习动机,为教学工作者后续教学安排提供一定的参考意见。     

ICD-10 anaphylaxis algorithm and the estimate of vaccine-attributable anaphylaxis incidence in Medicare

BackgroundAnaphylaxis is a rare, serious allergic reaction. Its identification in large healthcare databases can help better characterize this risk.ObjectiveTo create an ICD-10 anaphylaxis algorithm, estimate its positive predictive values (PPVs) in a post-vaccination risk window, and estimate vaccination-attributable anaphylaxis rates in the Medicare Fee For Service (FFS) population.MethodsAn anaphylaxis algorithm with core and extended portions was constructed analyzing ICD-10 anaphylaxis claims data in Medicare FFS from 2015 to 2017. Cases of post-vaccination anaphylaxis among Medicare FFS beneficiaries were then identified from October 1, 2015 to February 28, 2019 utilizing vaccine relevant anaphylaxis ICD-10 codes. Information from medical records was used to determine true anaphylaxis cases based on the Brighton Collaboration’s anaphylaxis case definition. PPVs were estimated for incident anaphylaxis and the subset of vaccine-attributable anaphylaxis within a 2-day post-vaccination risk window. Vaccine-attributable anaphylaxis rates in Medicare FFS were also estimated.ResultsThe study recorded 66,572,128 vaccinations among 21,685,119 unique Medicare FFS beneficiaries. The algorithm identified a total of 190 suspected anaphylaxis cases within the 2-day post-vaccination window; of these 117 (62%) satisfied the core algorithm, and 73 (38%) additional cases satisfied the extended algorithm. The core algorithm’s PPV was 66% (95% CI [56%, 76%]) for identifying incident anaphylaxis and 44% (95% CI [34%, 56%]) for vaccine-attributable anaphylaxis. The vaccine-attributable anaphylaxis incidence rate after any vaccination was 0.88 per million doses (95% CI [0.67, 1.16]).ConclusionThe ICD-10 claims algorithm for anaphylaxis allows the assessment of anaphylaxis risk in real-world data. The algorithm revealed vaccine-attributable anaphylaxis is rare among vaccinated Medicare FFS beneficiaries.     

以患者为中心的居家护理服务质量评价指标的构建

目的 探讨构建以患者为中心的全面、科学、可靠、实用的居家护理服务质量评价指标,为完善居家护理服务模式提供参考。 方法 2021年2月—3月,基于文献检索和半结构访谈结果,拟订评价指标,形成专家咨询问卷,利用德尔菲技术,由19名护理或医学相关工作领域专家对指标（3个一级维度、9个二级维度及61个三级条目）进行咨询并确定各级指标权重。 结果 两轮专家咨询问卷的有效回收率均为100%,专家权威系数（Cr）为0.88,最后形成的居家护理服务质量评价指标包括3个一级维度、10个二级维度和46个三级条目;肯德尔和谐系数（W）一级维度由0.18增至0.32,二级维度由0.11增至0.30,三级指标由0.13增至0.20,均P<0.01。 结论 居家护理服务质量评价指标基本符合我国国情和以患者为中心的理念,具有较好的全面性、科学性、可靠性和实用性。     

Gender trends in applicants to general surgery residency programs in Canada

BackgroundSurgical disciplines lag behind non-surgical disciplines in attracting female trainees. Female representation of Canadian General Surgeons has not been evaluated in recent years in the literature. The objectives of this study were to assess gender trends in applicants to Canadian General Surgery residency programs and practicing general surgeons and subspecialists.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed gender data for residency applicants ranking General Surgery as their first-choice discipline from publicly-available annual Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) R-1 match reports from 1998 to 2021. Aggregate gender data for practicing female physicians in General Surgery and related subspecialties, including Pediatric Surgery, obtained from annual Canadian Medical Association (CMA) census from 2000 to 2019 was also analysed.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the proportion of female applicants from 34% in 1998 to 67% in 2021 (p < 0.001) and of successfully matched candidates from 39% to 68% (p = 0.002) from 1998 to 2021. Success rates between male and female candidates were significantly different in 1998 (p < 0.001), but not in 2021 (p = 0.29). The proportion of practicing female General Surgeons also significantly increased from 10.1% in 2000 to 27.9% in 2019 (p = 0.0013), with variable trends in subspecialties.ConclusionGender inequality in General Surgery residency matches has normalized since 1998. Despite females representing more than 40% of applicants and successfully matched candidates to General Surgery since 2008, a gender gap still exists amongst practicing General Surgeons and subspecialists. This suggests the need for further cultural and systemic change to mitigate gender disparities.Type of studyOriginal research article, clinical research.Level of evidenceLevel III (Retrospective cross-sectional study).     

How do peer support interventions for the self-management of chronic pain,support basic psychological needs? A systematic review and framework synthesis using self-determination theory

ObjectiveTo identify how peer support interventions, for self-management of chronic pain, support basic psychological needs from a self-determination theory (SDT) perspective, using a systematic review.MethodsTen databases were searched for studies reporting qualitative research about peer interactions in pain management interventions. ‘Best fit’ framework synthesis methodology was applied to identify strategies that support the satisfaction of competence, autonomy and motivation. These were matched to definitions of strategies provided by standardised taxonomies.Results18 studies were selected for inclusion. The synthesis resulted in a conceptual model, identifying 12 peer strategies that support psychological needs for self-management of chronic pain; 10 overlapped with existing taxonomies.ConclusionThis was the first known attempt to synthesise evidence about peer support strategies for people living with pain, using SDT as an a priori framework. The model demonstrates commonality between the motivation-promoting processes of peer support and those of other behaviour change interventions and identifies additional unique strategies provided by peers. This systematic classification of peer support strategies provides a means for future study of the efficacy and comprehensiveness of peer interventions.Practice implicationsThe model could assist healthcare professionals and support groups to optimise the potential of peer processes.